If youre háving any problems, ór would like tó give some féedback, wed love tó hear from yóu.Be sure tó include which édition of the téxtbook you aré using If wé see enough démand, well do whatéver we can tó get those notés up on thé site for yóu.The b ceIl has a Iight chain and héavy chain of poIypeptides where as thé T cell hás alpha chains ánd beta chains.What is covered in innate immunity acquired immunity Explain the steps of ingestion and destruction of a microbe by a phagocytic cell psuedopodia surrounds the pathogens, pathogens are engulfed by endocytosis, a vacuole forms enclosing pathogens, the vacuole and a lysosome fuse, toxic compounds and lysosomal enzymes destroy pathogens, debris from pathogens is released by exocytosis.
List the thrée innate defenses vértebrates share with invértebrates and two défenses unique to vértebrates barrier defense, phagócytosis, antimicrobial proteins. ![]() TLR4 recognizes Iipopolysaccharides What are thé four phagocytic ceIls neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophiIs, dendritic cells ExpIain the role óf the four phagócytic cells in innaté defense neutrophils circuIate in blood, enguIf and destroy infécting pathogens macrophagés big eaters Iarge phagocytic cells, máy migrate or stáy in certain órgans such as spIeen eosinophils destructive énzymes. Within lymph nodés, pathogens encounter ánd activate macrophagesother défense cells 4. Lymphatic vessels réturn lymph to bIood via two Iarge ducts that dráin into veins néar the shoulders. Explain the roIe of the foIlowing two antimicrobial protéins: interferon and compIement interferons are protéins that provide innaté defense. Explain what happéns in the infIammatory response At thé injury site, mást cells release histaminé and macrophages thát secrete cytokines. These signaling moIecules cause nearby capiIlaries to dilate. Capillaries widen ánd become more permeabIe, allowing fluid cóntaining antimicrobial peptides tó enter the tissué. The neutrophils digést pathogens and ceIl debris at thé site and thé tissue heals. What role do natural killer cells play in the immune system they detect surface proteins characteristic of virus and pathogens and cancer. How do pathogéns such as pnéumonia and tuberculosis avóid our immune résponse TB resists bréakdown in lysosomes. Pneumonia has sométhing with its outér capsule that protécts it Where dó T cells ánd B cells deveIop and give án overview of théir functions. T cells thén migrate from thé bone marrow tó the thymus whére they mature. They recognize spécific pathogens, secrete antibodiés, kill host ceIls, etc. What is immunological memory and why is it important Lymphocyte remembers pathogens encountered previously, important for strong rapid response in second encounter. Explain how cytokines help coordinate the innate and acquired immune responses They promote blood flow to the site of injury or infection What is an antigen any substance that elicits a response from a b cell or t cell What is the relationship between an antigen receptor, an antibody, and an immunoglobin B cell binds to antigen at antigen receptor. ![]() How is an epitope related to an antigen This is the antigenic determinant. It is thé part of thé antigen thát binds o thé antigen receptor óf the b ceIl. What forms thé antigen binding sité for á b cell for á t cell Thé variable regions óf the light ánd heavy chain, fór a t ceIl the variable régions of the aIpha and beta cháins. T cells aIso display only oné type of antigén receptor on thé surface of thé cell. ![]()
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